What are the three basic methods of heat transfer?

The three basic methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation.

Conduction refers to the process of heat transfer through a solid material without any movement of the material itself. In this process, heat energy moves from the hotter part of the material to the cooler part through direct contact of particles, such as when a metal rod is heated at one end and the other end gradually warms up.

Convection involves the transfer of heat through fluids (liquids and gases) where warmer, less dense portions of the fluid rise and cooler, denser portions sink. This movement creates a cycle and allows for the efficient transfer of heat, such as in boiling water or the heating of air in a room.

Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not require a medium to travel through, meaning heat can be transferred through the vacuum of space. An example of radiation is the heat felt from the sun or from a heat lamp.

The other set of choices do not accurately capture these fundamental methods of heat transfer. Each term in these alternatives either does not belong as a recognized method of heat transfer or describes a process related to heat but not the transfer itself. For